OpenBSD PRNG DNS Cache Poisoning and Predictable IP ID Weakness
BID:27647
Info
OpenBSD PRNG DNS Cache Poisoning and Predictable IP ID Weakness
| Bugtraq ID: | 27647 |
| Class: | Design Error |
| CVE: |
CVE-2008-1147 CVE-2008-1148 CVE-2008-1146 |
| Remote: | Yes |
| Local: | No |
| Published: | Feb 06 2008 12:00AM |
| Updated: | Jul 06 2016 02:17PM |
| Credit: | Amit Klein discovered this vulnerability. |
| Vulnerable: |
OpenBSD OpenBSD 2.9 OpenBSD OpenBSD 2.8 OpenBSD OpenBSD 2.7 OpenBSD OpenBSD 2.6 OpenBSD OpenBSD 4.2 OpenBSD OpenBSD 4.1 OpenBSD OpenBSD 4.0 OpenBSD OpenBSD 3.9 OpenBSD OpenBSD 3.8 OpenBSD OpenBSD 3.7 OpenBSD OpenBSD 3.6 OpenBSD OpenBSD 3.5 OpenBSD OpenBSD 3.4 OpenBSD OpenBSD 3.3 OpenBSD OpenBSD 3.2 OpenBSD OpenBSD 3.1 OpenBSD OpenBSD 3.0 NetBSD NetBSD 3.0.2 NetBSD NetBSD 3.0.1 NetBSD NetBSD 2.1 NetBSD NetBSD 2.0.3 NetBSD NetBSD 2.0.2 NetBSD NetBSD 2.0.1 NetBSD NetBSD 2.0 NetBSD NetBSD 1.6.2 NetBSD NetBSD 4.0 BETA2 NetBSD NetBSD 4.0 NetBSD NetBSD 4,0_Beta NetBSD NetBSD 3.1_RC3 NetBSD NetBSD 3.1 NetBSD NetBSD 3,1_RC1 NetBSD NetBSD 2.1.1 NetBSD NetBSD 2.0.4 Navision Financials Server 3.0 FreeBSD FreeBSD 6.0 .x FreeBSD FreeBSD 6.0 -STABLE FreeBSD FreeBSD 6.0 -RELEASE FreeBSD FreeBSD 5.5 -STABLE FreeBSD FreeBSD 5.5 -RELEASE FreeBSD FreeBSD 5.4 -RELENG FreeBSD FreeBSD 5.4 -RELEASE FreeBSD FreeBSD 5.4 -PRERELEASE FreeBSD FreeBSD 5.3 -STABLE FreeBSD FreeBSD 5.3 -RELENG FreeBSD FreeBSD 5.3 -RELEASE FreeBSD FreeBSD 5.3 FreeBSD FreeBSD 5.2.1 -RELEASE FreeBSD FreeBSD 5.2 -RELENG FreeBSD FreeBSD 5.2 -RELEASE FreeBSD FreeBSD 5.2 FreeBSD FreeBSD 5.1 -RELENG FreeBSD FreeBSD 5.1 -RELEASE/Alpha FreeBSD FreeBSD 5.1 -RELEASE-p5 FreeBSD FreeBSD 5.1 -RELEASE FreeBSD FreeBSD 5.1 FreeBSD FreeBSD 5.0 .x FreeBSD FreeBSD 5.0 -RELENG FreeBSD FreeBSD 5.0 -RELEASE-p14 FreeBSD FreeBSD 5.0 alpha FreeBSD FreeBSD 5.0 FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.11 -STABLE FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.11 -RELENG FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.11 -RELEASE-p3 FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.11 -RELEASE-p20 FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.11 -RELEASE FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.10 -RELENG FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.10 -RELEASE-p8 FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.10 -RELEASE FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.10 FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.9 -RELENG FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.9 -PRERELEASE FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.9 FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.8 -RELENG FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.8 -RELEASE-p7 FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.8 -PRERELEASE FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.8 FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.7 -STABLE FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.7 -RELENG FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.7 -RELEASE-p17 FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.7 -RELEASE FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.7 FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.6.2 FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.6 -STABLE FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.6 -RELENG FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.6 -RELEASE-p20 FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.6 -RELEASE FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.6 FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.5 -STABLEpre2002-03-07 FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.5 -STABLE FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.5 -RELENG FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.5 -RELEASE-p32 FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.5 -RELEASE FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.5 FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.4 -STABLE FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.4 -RELENG FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.4 -RELEASE-p42 FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.4 FreeBSD FreeBSD 7.0 BETA4 FreeBSD FreeBSD 7.0 -RELENG FreeBSD FreeBSD 7.0 -PRERELEASE FreeBSD FreeBSD 6.3 -RELENG FreeBSD FreeBSD 6.3 FreeBSD FreeBSD 6.2 -STABLE FreeBSD FreeBSD 6.2 -RELENG FreeBSD FreeBSD 6.2 FreeBSD FreeBSD 6.1 -STABLE FreeBSD FreeBSD 6.1 -RELEASE-p10 FreeBSD FreeBSD 6.1 -RELEASE FreeBSD FreeBSD 6.0 -RELEASE-p5 FreeBSD FreeBSD 5.4-STABLE FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.10-PRERELEASE DragonFlyBSD DragonFlyBSD 1.10.1 DragonFlyBSD DragonFlyBSD 1.2 DragonFlyBSD DragonFlyBSD 1.1 DragonFlyBSD DragonFlyBSD 1.0 Darwin Darwin 9.1 Darwin Darwin 1.0 Cosmicperl Directory Pro 10.0.3 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.5.1 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.4.11 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.4.10 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.4.9 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.4.8 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.4.7 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.4.6 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.4.5 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.4.4 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.4.3 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.4.2 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.4.1 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.4 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.3.9 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.3.8 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.3.7 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.3.6 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.3.5 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.3.4 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.3.3 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.3.2 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.3.1 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.3 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.2.8 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.2.7 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.2.6 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.2.5 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.2.4 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.2.3 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.2.2 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.2.1 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.2 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.1.5 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.1.4 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.1.3 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.1.2 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.1.1 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.1 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.0 Apple Mac OS X Server 10.5 Apple Mac OS X 10.5.1 Apple Mac OS X 10.4.11 Apple Mac OS X 10.4.10 Apple Mac OS X 10.4.9 Apple Mac OS X 10.4.8 Apple Mac OS X 10.4.7 Apple Mac OS X 10.4.6 Apple Mac OS X 10.4.5 Apple Mac OS X 10.4.4 Apple Mac OS X 10.4.3 Apple Mac OS X 10.4.2 Apple Mac OS X 10.4.1 Apple Mac OS X 10.4 Apple Mac OS X 10.3.9 Apple Mac OS X 10.3.8 Apple Mac OS X 10.3.7 Apple Mac OS X 10.3.6 Apple Mac OS X 10.3.5 Apple Mac OS X 10.3.4 Apple Mac OS X 10.3.3 Apple Mac OS X 10.3.2 Apple Mac OS X 10.3.1 Apple Mac OS X 10.3 Apple Mac OS X 10.2.8 Apple Mac OS X 10.2.7 Apple Mac OS X 10.2.6 Apple Mac OS X 10.2.5 Apple Mac OS X 10.2.4 Apple Mac OS X 10.2.3 Apple Mac OS X 10.2.2 Apple Mac OS X 10.2.1 Apple Mac OS X 10.2 Apple Mac OS X 10.1.5 Apple Mac OS X 10.1.4 Apple Mac OS X 10.1.3 Apple Mac OS X 10.1.2 Apple Mac OS X 10.1.1 Apple Mac OS X 10.1 Apple Mac OS X 10.0.4 Apple Mac OS X 10.0.2 Apple Mac OS X 10.0.1 Apple Mac OS X 10.0 Apple Mac OS X 10.5 |
| Not Vulnerable: |
OpenBSD OpenBSD 4.3 |
Discussion
OpenBSD PRNG DNS Cache Poisoning and Predictable IP ID Weakness
A PRNG originating in OpenBSD is prone to a weakness that exposes DNS cache-poisoning and predictable IP ID sequence issues. This issue stems from a flaw in the linear congruential generator (LCG) pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) algorithm.
An attacker may leverage this issue to manipulate DNS cache data, potentially facilitating man-in-the-middle, site-impersonation, or denial-of-service attacks. The attacker may also predict IP ID sequences, allowing them to perform OS fingerprinting, network idle-scanning, and potentially TCP blind data-injection attacks.
The BIND 9 server included in OpenBSD 3.3 through to 4.2 is vulnerable to this issue. The vulnerable PRNG algorithm and variants are also used in the IP ID sequence generation in OpenBSD 2.6 through to 4.2.
The vulnerable PRNG has also been ported to other operating systems, including:
Mac OS X and Mac OS X Server 10.0 through to 10.5.1
Darwin 1.0 through to 9.1
FreeBSD 4.4 through to 7.0
NetBSD 1.6.2 through to 4.0
DragonFlyBSD 1.0 through to 1.10.1.
FreeBSD, NetBSD, and DragonFlyBSD are affected only if they enable the PRNG's use through the 'net.inet.ip.random_id' sysctl to 1. This is a nondefault configuration change.
Other operating systems and versions may also be affected.
A PRNG originating in OpenBSD is prone to a weakness that exposes DNS cache-poisoning and predictable IP ID sequence issues. This issue stems from a flaw in the linear congruential generator (LCG) pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) algorithm.
An attacker may leverage this issue to manipulate DNS cache data, potentially facilitating man-in-the-middle, site-impersonation, or denial-of-service attacks. The attacker may also predict IP ID sequences, allowing them to perform OS fingerprinting, network idle-scanning, and potentially TCP blind data-injection attacks.
The BIND 9 server included in OpenBSD 3.3 through to 4.2 is vulnerable to this issue. The vulnerable PRNG algorithm and variants are also used in the IP ID sequence generation in OpenBSD 2.6 through to 4.2.
The vulnerable PRNG has also been ported to other operating systems, including:
Mac OS X and Mac OS X Server 10.0 through to 10.5.1
Darwin 1.0 through to 9.1
FreeBSD 4.4 through to 7.0
NetBSD 1.6.2 through to 4.0
DragonFlyBSD 1.0 through to 1.10.1.
FreeBSD, NetBSD, and DragonFlyBSD are affected only if they enable the PRNG's use through the 'net.inet.ip.random_id' sysctl to 1. This is a nondefault configuration change.
Other operating systems and versions may also be affected.
Exploit / POC
OpenBSD PRNG DNS Cache Poisoning and Predictable IP ID Weakness
Proof-of-concept exploit code is available in the referenced PDF document by Amit Klein.
Proof-of-concept exploit code is available in the referenced PDF document by Amit Klein.
Solution / Fix
OpenBSD PRNG DNS Cache Poisoning and Predictable IP ID Weakness
Solution:
Fixes are available for OpenBSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, and DragonFlyBSD. Apple is reportedly working on a fix for Mac OS X.
Please see the references for more information.
Solution:
Fixes are available for OpenBSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, and DragonFlyBSD. Apple is reportedly working on a fix for Mac OS X.
Please see the references for more information.
References
OpenBSD PRNG DNS Cache Poisoning and Predictable IP ID Weakness
References:
References:
- Changes made between OpenBSD 4.2 and OpenBSD 4.3 (OpenBSD)
- ip_id.c Revision 1.10 (FreeBSD)
- ip_id.c Revision 1.12 (NetBSD)
- ip_id.c Revision 1.7 (DragonFlyBSD)
- OpenBSD DNS Cache Poisoning and Multiple O/S Predictable IP ID Vulnerability (Amit Klein)
- OpenBSD DNS Cache Poisoning and Multiple O/S Predictable IP ID Vulnerability (Amit Klein)
- OpenBSD Errata Page (OpenBSD)
- OpenBSD Homepage (OpenBSD)
- A paper by Amit Klein (Trusteer): "OpenBSD DNS Cache Poisoning and Multiple O/S (Amit Klein