Samba mount.cifs Local Security Bypass Vulnerability

Bugtraq ID:	52742
Class:	Design Error
CVE:	CVE-2012-1586
Remote:	No
Local:	Yes
Published:	Mar 21 2012 12:00AM
Updated:	Apr 13 2015 08:24PM
Credit:	Jesus Olmos Gonzalez at Blueliv
Vulnerable:	Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation 6 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 6 Red Hat Enterprise Linux HPC Node 6 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Desktop 6 Mandriva Linux Mandrake 2011 x86_64 Mandriva Linux Mandrake 2011 Mandriva Linux Mandrake 2010.1 x86_64 Mandriva Linux Mandrake 2010.1 MandrakeSoft Enterprise Server 5 x86_64 MandrakeSoft Enterprise Server 5 Linux kernel 3.2.13 Linux kernel 3.2.9 Linux kernel 3.2.1 Linux kernel 3.1.8 Linux kernel 3.0.5 Linux kernel 3.0.4 Linux kernel 3.0.2 Linux kernel 3.0.1 Linux kernel 2.6.39 rc4 Linux kernel 2.6.39 Linux kernel 2.6.38 Linux kernel 2.6.37 Linux kernel 2.6.36 Linux kernel 2.6.35 Linux kernel 2.6.34 Linux kernel 2.6.33 rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.33 .1 Linux kernel 2.6.33 Linux kernel 2.6.32 .9 Linux kernel 2.6.32 Linux kernel 2.6.31 5 Linux kernel 2.6.31 13 Linux kernel 2.6.31 .2 Linux kernel 2.6.31 .11 Linux kernel 2.6.31 -rc7 Linux kernel 2.6.31 -rc6 Linux kernel 2.6.31 -rc3 + Trustix Secure Enterprise Linux 2.0 + Trustix Secure Linux 2.2 + Trustix Secure Linux 2.1 + Trustix Secure Linux 2.0 Linux kernel 2.6.31 -rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.31 Linux kernel 2.6.30 .10 Linux kernel 2.6.30 .1 Linux kernel 2.6.30 -rc6 Linux kernel 2.6.30 -rc5 Linux kernel 2.6.30 -rc3 Linux kernel 2.6.30 -rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.30 -rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.30 Linux kernel 2.6.29 .4 Linux kernel 2.6.29 .1 Linux kernel 2.6.29 -git8 Linux kernel 2.6.29 -git14 Linux kernel 2.6.29 -git1 Linux kernel 2.6.29 Linux kernel 2.6.28 .9 Linux kernel 2.6.28 .8 Linux kernel 2.6.28 .6 Linux kernel 2.6.28 .5 Linux kernel 2.6.28 .3 Linux kernel 2.6.28 .2 Linux kernel 2.6.28 .1 Linux kernel 2.6.28 -rc7 Linux kernel 2.6.28 -rc5 Linux kernel 2.6.28 -rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.28 -git7 Linux kernel 2.6.28 Linux kernel 2.6.27 6 Linux kernel 2.6.27 3 Linux kernel 2.6.27 12 Linux kernel 2.6.27 .8 Linux kernel 2.6.27 .5 Linux kernel 2.6.27 .5 Linux kernel 2.6.27 .46 Linux kernel 2.6.27 .24 Linux kernel 2.6.27 .14 Linux kernel 2.6.27 .13 Linux kernel 2.6.27 .12 Linux kernel 2.6.27 -rc8-git5 Linux kernel 2.6.27 -rc8 Linux kernel 2.6.27 -rc6-git6 Linux kernel 2.6.27 -rc6 Linux kernel 2.6.27 -rc5 Linux kernel 2.6.27 -rc4 Linux kernel 2.6.27 -rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.27 -rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.27 Linux kernel 2.6.26 7 Linux kernel 2.6.26 .6 Linux kernel 2.6.26 .4 Linux kernel 2.6.26 .3 Linux kernel 2.6.26 -rc6 Linux kernel 2.6.26 Linux kernel 2.6.25 19 Linux kernel 2.6.25 .9 Linux kernel 2.6.25 .8 Linux kernel 2.6.25 .7 Linux kernel 2.6.25 .6 Linux kernel 2.6.25 .5 Linux kernel 2.6.25 .15 Linux kernel 2.6.25 .13 Linux kernel 2.6.25 .12 Linux kernel 2.6.25 .11 Linux kernel 2.6.25 .10 Linux kernel 2.6.25 Linux kernel 2.6.24 .2 Linux kernel 2.6.24 .1 Linux kernel 2.6.24 -rc5 Linux kernel 2.6.24 -rc4 Linux kernel 2.6.24 -rc3 Linux kernel 2.6.24 -git13 Linux kernel 2.6.24 Linux kernel 2.6.23 .7 Linux kernel 2.6.23 .6 Linux kernel 2.6.23 .5 Linux kernel 2.6.23 .4 Linux kernel 2.6.23 .3 Linux kernel 2.6.23 .2 Linux kernel 2.6.23 -rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.23 -rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.23 Linux kernel 2.6.23 Linux kernel 2.6.22 rc6 Linux kernel 2.6.22 .8 Linux kernel 2.6.22 .7 Linux kernel 2.6.22 .6 Linux kernel 2.6.22 .5 Linux kernel 2.6.22 .4 Linux kernel 2.6.22 .3 Linux kernel 2.6.22 .2 Linux kernel 2.6.22 .17 Linux kernel 2.6.22 .16 Linux kernel 2.6.22 .15 Linux kernel 2.6.22 .14 Linux kernel 2.6.22 .13 Linux kernel 2.6.22 .12 Linux kernel 2.6.22 .11 Linux kernel 2.6.22 .1 Linux kernel 2.6.22 Linux kernel 2.6.22 Linux kernel 2.6.21 rc7 Linux kernel 2.6.21 git5 Linux kernel 2.6.21 git4 Linux kernel 2.6.21 git3 Linux kernel 2.6.21 git2 Linux kernel 2.6.21 git1 Linux kernel 2.6.21 git 7 Linux kernel 2.6.21 git 6 Linux kernel 2.6.21 4 Linux kernel 2.6.21 .7 Linux kernel 2.6.21 .6 Linux kernel 2.6.21 .3 Linux kernel 2.6.21 .2 Linux kernel 2.6.21 .1 Linux kernel 2.6.21 -git8 Linux kernel 2.6.21 Linux kernel 2.6.20 .9 Linux kernel 2.6.20 .8 Linux kernel 2.6.20 .7 Linux kernel 2.6.20 .6 Linux kernel 2.6.20 .5 Linux kernel 2.6.20 .4 Linux kernel 2.6.20 .15 Linux kernel 2.6.20 .14 Linux kernel 2.6.20 .12 Linux kernel 2.6.20 .10 Linux kernel 2.6.20 .1 Linux kernel 2.6.20 -git5 Linux kernel 2.6.20 Linux kernel 2.6.19 .4 Linux kernel 2.6.19 .3 Linux kernel 2.6.19 .2 Linux kernel 2.6.19 .1 Linux kernel 2.6.19 -rc4 Linux kernel 2.6.19 -rc3 Linux kernel 2.6.19 -rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.19 -rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.19 Linux kernel 2.6.18 rc7 Linux kernel 2.6.18 rc6 Linux kernel 2.6.18 rc5 Linux kernel 2.6.18 rc4 Linux kernel 2.6.18 rc3 Linux kernel 2.6.18 rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.18 rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.18 .8 Linux kernel 2.6.18 .7 Linux kernel 2.6.18 .6 Linux kernel 2.6.18 .5 Linux kernel 2.6.18 .4 Linux kernel 2.6.18 .3 Linux kernel 2.6.18 .2 Linux kernel 2.6.18 .1 Linux kernel 2.6.17 rc6 Linux kernel 2.6.17 rc4 Linux kernel 2.6.17 rc3 Linux kernel 2.6.17 rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.17 rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.17 .9 Linux kernel 2.6.17 .8 Linux kernel 2.6.17 .8 Linux kernel 2.6.17 .7 Linux kernel 2.6.17 .6 Linux kernel 2.6.17 .5 Linux kernel 2.6.17 .4 Linux kernel 2.6.17 .3 Linux kernel 2.6.17 .2 Linux kernel 2.6.17 .14 Linux kernel 2.6.17 .13 Linux kernel 2.6.17 .12 Linux kernel 2.6.17 .11 Linux kernel 2.6.17 .10 Linux kernel 2.6.17 .1 Linux kernel 2.6.17 -rc5 Linux kernel 2.6.17 Linux kernel 2.6.17 Linux kernel 2.6.16 rc6 Linux kernel 2.6.16 rc5 Linux kernel 2.6.16 rc4 Linux kernel 2.6.16 rc3 Linux kernel 2.6.16 rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.16 27 Linux kernel 2.6.16 13 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .9 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .8 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .7 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .6 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .53 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .52 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .51 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .50 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .5 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .49 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .48 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .47 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .46 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .45 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .44 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .43 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .41 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .40 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .4 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .39 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .38 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .37 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .36 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .35 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .34 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .33 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .32 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .31 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .30 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .3 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .29 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .28 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .27 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .26 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .25 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .24 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .23 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .23 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .22 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .21 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .20 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .2 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .19 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .18 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .17 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .16 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .15 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .14 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .12 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .11 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .10 Linux kernel 2.6.16 .1 Linux kernel 2.6.16 -rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.16 Linux kernel 2.6.16 Linux kernel 2.6.15 rc7 Linux kernel 2.6.15 .7 Linux kernel 2.6.15 .6 Linux kernel 2.6.15 .4 Linux kernel 2.6.15 .3 Linux kernel 2.6.15 .2 Linux kernel 2.6.15 .1 Linux kernel 2.6.15 -rc6 Linux kernel 2.6.15 -rc5 Linux kernel 2.6.15 -rc4 Linux kernel 2.6.15 -rc3 Linux kernel 2.6.15 -rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.15 -rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.15 Linux kernel 2.6.15 Linux kernel 2.6.14 .7 Linux kernel 2.6.14 .6 Linux kernel 2.6.14 .5 Linux kernel 2.6.14 .4 Linux kernel 2.6.14 .3 Linux kernel 2.6.14 .2 Linux kernel 2.6.14 .1 Linux kernel 2.6.14 -rc5 Linux kernel 2.6.14 -rc4 Linux kernel 2.6.14 -rc3 Linux kernel 2.6.14 -rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.14 -rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.14 Linux kernel 2.6.14 Linux kernel 2.6.13 rc5 Linux kernel 2.6.13 rc3 Linux kernel 2.6.13 rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.13 .5 Linux kernel 2.6.13 .4 Linux kernel 2.6.13 .3 Linux kernel 2.6.13 .2 Linux kernel 2.6.13 .1 Linux kernel 2.6.13 -rc7 Linux kernel 2.6.13 -rc6 Linux kernel 2.6.13 -rc4 Linux kernel 2.6.13 -rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.13 Linux kernel 2.6.13 Linux kernel 2.6.12 rc6 Linux kernel 2.6.12 rc3 Linux kernel 2.6.12 rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.12 .6 Linux kernel 2.6.12 .5 Linux kernel 2.6.12 .4 Linux kernel 2.6.12 .3 Linux kernel 2.6.12 .22 Linux kernel 2.6.12 .2 Linux kernel 2.6.12 .12 Linux kernel 2.6.12 .1 Linux kernel 2.6.12 -rc5 Linux kernel 2.6.12 -rc4 Linux kernel 2.6.12 -rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.12 Linux kernel 2.6.12 Linux kernel 2.6.11 rc5 Linux kernel 2.6.11 rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.11 .9 Linux kernel 2.6.11 .8 Linux kernel 2.6.11 .7 Linux kernel 2.6.11 .6 Linux kernel 2.6.11 .5 Linux kernel 2.6.11 .4 Linux kernel 2.6.11 .3 Linux kernel 2.6.11 .2 Linux kernel 2.6.11 .12 Linux kernel 2.6.11 .11 Linux kernel 2.6.11 .10 Linux kernel 2.6.11 .1 Linux kernel 2.6.11 -rc4 Linux kernel 2.6.11 -rc3 Linux kernel 2.6.11 -rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.11 Linux kernel 2.6.11 Linux kernel 2.6.10 rc3 Linux kernel 2.6.10 rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.10 rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.10 Linux kernel 2.6.10 Linux kernel 2.6.9 rc4 Linux kernel 2.6.9 rc3 Linux kernel 2.6.9 rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.9 rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.9 final Linux kernel 2.6.9 Linux kernel 2.6.9 Linux kernel 2.6.8 rc4 Linux kernel 2.6.8 rc3 Linux kernel 2.6.8 rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.8 rc1 + Ubuntu Ubuntu Linux 4.1 ppc + Ubuntu Ubuntu Linux 4.1 ia64 + Ubuntu Ubuntu Linux 4.1 ia32 Linux kernel 2.6.8 Linux kernel 2.6.8 Linux kernel 2.6.7 rc3 Linux kernel 2.6.7 rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.7 rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.7 Linux kernel 2.6.7 Linux kernel 2.6.6 rc3 Linux kernel 2.6.6 rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.6 rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.6 Linux kernel 2.6.6 Linux kernel 2.6.5 rc3 Linux kernel 2.6.5 rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.5 rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.5 Linux kernel 2.6.4 rc3 Linux kernel 2.6.4 rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.4 rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.4 Linux kernel 2.6.4 Linux kernel 2.6.3 rc4 Linux kernel 2.6.3 rc3 Linux kernel 2.6.3 rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.3 rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.3 Linux kernel 2.6.3 Linux kernel 2.6.2 rc3 Linux kernel 2.6.2 rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.2 rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.2 Linux kernel 2.6.2 Linux kernel 2.6.1 rc3 Linux kernel 2.6.1 0 Linux kernel 2.6.1 -rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.1 -rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.1 Linux kernel 2.6 .10 Linux kernel 2.6 -test9-CVS Linux kernel 2.6 -test9 Linux kernel 2.6 -test8 Linux kernel 2.6 -test7 Linux kernel 2.6 -test6 Linux kernel 2.6 -test5 Linux kernel 2.6 -test4 Linux kernel 2.6 -test3 Linux kernel 2.6 -test2 Linux kernel 2.6 -test11 Linux kernel 2.6 -test10 Linux kernel 2.6 -test1 Linux kernel 2.6 Linux kernel 3.2.2 Linux kernel 3.0.18 Linux kernel 3.0-rc4-git1 Linux kernel 3.0-rc1 Linux kernel 3.0 Linux kernel 2.6.8.1 Linux kernel 2.6.39-rc6 Linux kernel 2.6.39-rc3 Linux kernel 2.6.38.6 Linux kernel 2.6.38.4 Linux kernel 2.6.38.3 Linux kernel 2.6.38.2 Linux kernel 2.6.38-rc7 Linux kernel 2.6.38-rc4 Linux kernel 2.6.38-rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.38-git18 Linux kernel 2.6.37rc Linux kernel 2.6.37.2 Linux kernel 2.6.37-rc7 Linux kernel 2.6.37-rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.37-rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.36.2 (stable) Linux kernel 2.6.36-rc8 Linux kernel 2.6.36-rc6 Linux kernel 2.6.36-rc5 Linux kernel 2.6.36-rc4 Linux kernel 2.6.36-rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.35.5 Linux kernel 2.6.35.4 Linux kernel 2.6.35.1 Linux kernel 2.6.35-rc6 Linux kernel 2.6.35-rc5-git5 Linux kernel 2.6.35-rc5 Linux kernel 2.6.35-rc4 Linux kernel 2.6.35-rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.34.3 Linux kernel 2.6.34.2 Linux kernel 2.6.34.1 Linux kernel 2.6.34-rc6 Linux kernel 2.6.34-rc5 Linux kernel 2.6.34-rc4 Linux kernel 2.6.34-rc2-git1 Linux kernel 2.6.34-rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.34-rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.33.7 Linux kernel 2.6.33-rc8 Linux kernel 2.6.33-rc7 Linux kernel 2.6.33-rc7 Linux kernel 2.6.33-rc6-git5 Linux kernel 2.6.33-rc6 Linux kernel 2.6.33-rc5 Linux kernel 2.6.33-rc4 Linux kernel 2.6.32.8 Linux kernel 2.6.32.7 Linux kernel 2.6.32.6 Linux kernel 2.6.32.5 Linux kernel 2.6.32.4 Linux kernel 2.6.32.3 Linux kernel 2.6.32.28 Linux kernel 2.6.32.22 Linux kernel 2.6.32.2 Linux kernel 2.6.32.18 Linux kernel 2.6.32.17 Linux kernel 2.6.32.16 Linux kernel 2.6.32.15 Linux kernel 2.6.32.14 Linux kernel 2.6.32.13 Linux kernel 2.6.32.12 Linux kernel 2.6.32.11 Linux kernel 2.6.32.10 Linux kernel 2.6.32.1 Linux kernel 2.6.32-rc8 Linux kernel 2.6.32-rc7 Linux kernel 2.6.32-rc5 + Trustix Secure Enterprise Linux 2.0 + Trustix Secure Linux 2.2 + Trustix Secure Linux 2.1 + Trustix Secure Linux 2.0 Linux kernel 2.6.32-rc4 Linux kernel 2.6.32-rc3 Linux kernel 2.6.32-rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.32-rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.31.6 Linux kernel 2.6.31.4 Linux kernel 2.6.31.1 Linux kernel 2.6.31-rc9 Linux kernel 2.6.31-rc8 Linux kernel 2.6.31-rc5-git3 Linux kernel 2.6.31-rc4 Linux kernel 2.6.31-rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.31-git11 + Trustix Secure Enterprise Linux 2.0 + Trustix Secure Linux 2.2 + Trustix Secure Linux 2.1 + Trustix Secure Linux 2.0 Linux kernel 2.6.30.5 Linux kernel 2.6.30.4 Linux kernel 2.6.30.3 Linux kernel 2.6.29-rc2-git1 Linux kernel 2.6.29-rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.29-rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.28.4 Linux kernel 2.6.28.10 Linux kernel 2.6.28-rc7 Linux kernel 2.6.28-rc6 Linux kernel 2.6.28-rc5 Linux kernel 2.6.28-rc4 Linux kernel 2.6.27.54 Linux kernel 2.6.27.51 Linux kernel 2.6.27.49 Linux kernel 2.6.27.26 Linux kernel 2.6.27-git3 Linux kernel 2.6.26.1 Linux kernel 2.6.26-rc5-git1 Linux kernel 2.6.25.4 Linux kernel 2.6.25.3 Linux kernel 2.6.25.2 Linux kernel 2.6.25.1 Linux kernel 2.6.25-rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.24.6 Linux kernel 2.6.24.4 Linux kernel 2.6.24.3 Linux kernel 2.6.24-rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.24-rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.24 Rc3 Linux kernel 2.6.24 Rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.23.14 Linux kernel 2.6.23.10 Linux kernel 2.6.23.1 Linux kernel 2.6.23.1 Linux kernel 2.6.23.09 Linux kernel 2.6.23 Rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.22-rc7 Linux kernel 2.6.22-rc1 Linux kernel 2.6.21-RC6 Linux kernel 2.6.21-RC5 Linux kernel 2.6.21-RC4 Linux kernel 2.6.21-RC3 Linux kernel 2.6.20.3 Linux kernel 2.6.20.2 Linux kernel 2.6.20.13 Linux kernel 2.6.20.11 Linux kernel 2.6.20-rc2 Linux kernel 2.6.20-2 Linux kernel 2.6.19 -rc6 Linux kernel 2.6.18.1 Linux kernel 2.6.18-8.1.8.el5 Linux kernel 2.6.18-53 Linux kernel 2.6.18 Linux kernel 2.6.16.9 Linux kernel 2.6.16.7 Linux kernel 2.6.16.19 Linux kernel 2.6.16.13 Linux kernel 2.6.16.12 Linux kernel 2.6.16.11 Linux kernel 2.6.15.5 Linux kernel 2.6.15.4 Linux kernel 2.6.15.11 Linux kernel 2.6.15-27.48 Linux kernel 2.6.14.3 Linux kernel 2.6.14.2 Linux kernel 2.6.14.1 Linux kernel 2.6.13.4 Linux kernel 2.6.13.3 Linux kernel 2.6.13.2 Linux kernel 2.6.13.1 Linux kernel 2.6.12.6 Linux kernel 2.6.12.5 Linux kernel 2.6.12.4 Linux kernel 2.6.12.3 Linux kernel 2.6.12.2 Linux kernel 2.6.12.1 Linux kernel 2.6.11.8 Linux kernel 2.6.11.7 Linux kernel 2.6.11.6 Linux kernel 2.6.11.5 Linux kernel 2.6.11.4 Linux kernel 2.6.11.12 Linux kernel 2.6.11.11 Linux kernel 2.6.0
Not Vulnerable:

Samba mount.cifs Local Security Bypass Vulnerability

Samba mount.cifs is prone to a local security-bypass vulnerability.

Attackers can exploit this issue to bypass security restrictions, perform unauthorized actions, and identify root files and directories.

Samba mount.cifs Local Security Bypass Vulnerability

The following example data is available:

/sbin/mount.cifs //127.0.0.1/a /root/secret_directory/secret_file

Samba mount.cifs Local Security Bypass Vulnerability

Solution:
Updates are available. Please see the references for more information.

Samba mount.cifs Local Security Bypass Vulnerability

References:

• Bug 8821 - mount.cifs arbitary file identification as root (Red Hat)
  
• CVE id request: cifs-utils (OpenWall)
  
• file enumeration vulnerability via mount.cifs due to early use of chdir() and er (Debian)
  
• Linux kernel Homepage (kernel.org)
  
• Samba Homepage (Samba)