CVE-2016-3081
Summary
| CVE | CVE-2016-3081 |
|---|---|
| State | PUBLISHED |
| Assigner | redhat |
| Source Priority | CVE Program / NVD first with legacy fallback |
| Published | 2016-04-26 14:59:02 UTC |
| Updated | 2026-10-09 04:18:01 UTC |
| Description | Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions. |
Risk And Classification
Primary CVSS: v3.1 8.1 HIGH from ADP
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS: 0.933520000 probability, percentile 0.998380000 (date 2026-10-08)
CISA KEV: Listed on 2026-10-08; due 2026-10-11; ransomware use Unknown
Problem Types: CWE-77 | n/a | CWE-77 CWE-77 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
| Version | Source | Type | Score | Severity | Vector |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1 | ADP | DECLARED | 8.1 | HIGH | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
| 3.1 | 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 | Secondary | 8.1 | HIGH | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
| 3.0 | [email protected] | Primary | 8.1 | HIGH | CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
| 2.0 | [email protected] | Primary | 9.3 | AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C |
CVSS v3.1 Breakdown
Attack Vector
NetworkAttack Complexity
HighPrivileges Required
NoneUser Interaction
NoneScope
UnchangedConfidentiality
HighIntegrity
HighAvailability
HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CVSS v3.0 Breakdown
Attack Vector
NetworkAttack Complexity
HighPrivileges Required
NoneUser Interaction
NoneScope
UnchangedConfidentiality
HighIntegrity
HighAvailability
HighCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CVSS v2.0 Breakdown
Access Vector
NetworkAccess Complexity
MediumAuthentication
NoneConfidentiality
CompleteIntegrity
CompleteAvailability
CompleteAV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
CISA Known Exploited Vulnerability
| Vendor | Apache |
|---|---|
| Product | Struts |
| Name | Apache Struts Command Injection Vulnerability |
| Required Action | Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset's internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines. |
| Notes | This vulnerability could affect an open-source component, third-party library, protocol, or proprietary implementation that could be used by different products. For more information, please see: https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-032 ; ; BOD 26-04: https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk ; Forensics Triage Requirements: https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-implementation-guidance-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-3081 |
NVD Known Affected Configurations (CPE 2.3)
| Type | Vendor | Product | Version | Update | Edition | Language |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.0.0 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.0.1 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.0.10 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.0.11 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.0.11.1 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.0.11.2 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.0.12 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.0.13 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.0.14 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.0.2 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.0.3 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.0.4 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.0.5 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.0.6 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.0.7 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.0.8 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.0.9 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.1.0 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.1.1 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.1.2 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.1.3 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.1.4 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.1.5 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.1.6 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.1.8 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.1.8.1 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.2.1 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.2.1.1 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.2.3 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.2.3.1 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.1 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.1.1 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.1.2 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.12 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.14 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.14.1 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.14.2 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.14.3 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.15 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.15.1 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.15.2 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.15.3 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.16 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.16.1 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.16.2 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.16.3 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.20 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.20.1 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.24 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.24.1 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.28 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.3 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.4 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.4.1 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.7 | All | All | All |
| Application | Apache | Struts | 2.3.8 | All | All | All |
| Application | Oracle | Siebel E-billing | 7.1 | All | All | All |
Vendor Declared Affected Products
References
| Reference | Source | Link | Tags |
|---|---|---|---|
| Security Advisory - Apache Struts2 Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in Huawei Products | af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108 | www.huawei.com | |
| Apache Struts 2.3.28 Dynamic Method Invocation Remote Code Execution ≈ Packet Storm | af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108 | packetstormsecurity.com | Exploit, Third Party Advisory |
| Oracle Critical Patch Update - October 2016 | af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108 | www.oracle.com | Vendor Advisory |
| Apache Struts CVE-2016-3081 Remote Code Execution Vulnerability | af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108 | www.securityfocus.com | |
| Oracle Critical Patch Update - July 2016 | af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108 | www.oracle.com | Patch, Third Party Advisory |
| Quick Cookie Notification | af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108 | www.rapid7.com | Third Party Advisory |
| Apache Struts - Dynamic Method Invocation Remote Code Execution (Metasploit) | af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108 | www.exploit-db.com | |
| Apache Struts Dynamic Method Invocation Bug Lets Remote Users Execute Arbitrary Code on the Target System - SecurityTracker | af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108 | www.securitytracker.com | Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry |
| www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog | 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 | www.cisa.gov | |
| S2-032 | af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108 | struts.apache.org | Patch, Vendor Advisory |
| Oracle July 2016 Critical Patch Update Multiple Vulnerabilities | af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108 | www.securityfocus.com | Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry |
| CVE-2016-3081 Apache Struts Dynamic Method Invocation Remote Code Execution | Rapid7 | af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108 | www.rapid7.com | |
| CVE Program record | CVE.ORG | www.cve.org | canonical |
| NVD vulnerability detail | NVD | nvd.nist.gov | canonical, analysis |
| CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog | CISA | www.cisa.gov | kev |
No vendor comments have been submitted for this CVE.
Additional Advisory Data
| Source | Time | Event |
|---|---|---|
| ADP | 2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z | CVE-2016-3081 added to CISA KEV |
There are currently no legacy QID mappings associated with this CVE.