named's configured cache size limit can be significantly exceeded

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Summary

CVECVE-2023-2828
StatePUBLISHED
Assignerisc
Source PriorityCVE Program / NVD first with legacy fallback
Published2023-06-21 17:15:47 UTC
Updated2026-10-24 19:10:00 UTC
DescriptionEvery `named` instance configured to run as a recursive resolver maintains a cache database holding the responses to the queries it has recently sent to authoritative servers. The size limit for that cache database can be configured using the `max-cache-size` statement in the configuration file; it defaults to 90% of the total amount of memory available on the host. When the size of the cache reaches 7/8 of the configured limit, a cache-cleaning algorithm starts to remove expired and/or least-recently used RRsets from the cache, to keep memory use below the configured limit. It has been discovered that the effectiveness of the cache-cleaning algorithm used in `named` can be severely diminished by querying the resolver for specific RRsets in a certain order, effectively allowing the configured `max-cache-size` limit to be significantly exceeded. This issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.11.0 through 9.16.41, 9.18.0 through 9.18.15, 9.19.0 through 9.19.13, 9.11.3-S1 through 9.16.41-S1, and 9.18.11-S1 through 9.18.15-S1.

Risk And Classification

Primary CVSS: v3.1 7.5 HIGH from [email protected]

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

EPSS: 0.036960000 probability, percentile 0.896850000 (date 2026-10-24)

Problem Types: CWE-770

VersionSourceTypeScoreSeverityVector
3.1[email protected]Secondary7.5HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
3.1CNADECLARED7.5HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS v3.1 Breakdown

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

NVD Known Affected Configurations (CPE 2.3)

TypeVendorProductVersionUpdateEditionLanguage
Operating System Debian Debian Linux 10.0 All All All
Operating System Debian Debian Linux 11.0 All All All
Operating System Debian Debian Linux 12.0 All All All
Operating System Fedoraproject Fedora 37 All All All
Operating System Fedoraproject Fedora 38 All All All
Application Isc Bind All All All All
Application Isc Bind All All All All
Application Isc Bind All All All All
Application Isc Bind All All All All
Application Isc Bind All All All All
Application Netapp Active Iq Unified Manager - All All All
Hardware Netapp H300s - All All All
Operating System Netapp H300s Firmware - All All All
Hardware Netapp H410c - All All All
Operating System Netapp H410c Firmware - All All All
Hardware Netapp H410s - All All All
Operating System Netapp H410s Firmware - All All All
Hardware Netapp H500s - All All All
Operating System Netapp H500s Firmware - All All All
Hardware Netapp H700s - All All All
Operating System Netapp H700s Firmware - All All All

Vendor Declared Affected Products

SourceVendorProductVersionPlatforms
CNA ISC BIND 9 affected 9.11.0 9.16.41 custom Not specified
CNA ISC BIND 9 affected 9.18.0 9.18.15 custom Not specified
CNA ISC BIND 9 affected 9.19.0 9.19.13 custom Not specified
CNA ISC BIND 9 affected 9.11.3-S1 9.16.41-S1 custom Not specified
CNA ISC BIND 9 affected 9.18.11-S1 9.18.15-S1 custom Not specified

References

ReferenceSourceLinkTags
CVE-2023-2828 af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108 kb.isc.org Vendor Advisory
[SECURITY] Fedora 37 Update: bind-dyndb-ldap-11.10-15.fc37 - package-announce - Fedora Mailing-Lists af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108 lists.fedoraproject.org Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
[SECURITY] Fedora 38 Update: bind-dyndb-ldap-11.10-17.fc38 - package-announce - Fedora Mailing-Lists af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108 lists.fedoraproject.org Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
Debian -- Security Information -- DSA-5439-1 bind9 af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108 www.debian.org Third Party Advisory
oss-security - ISC has disclosed two vulnerabilities in BIND 9 (CVE-2023-2828, CVE-2023-2911) af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108 www.openwall.com Mailing List, Patch, Third Party Advisory
403 Forbidden af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108 security.netapp.com Third Party Advisory
[SECURITY] [DLA 3498-1] bind9 security update af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108 lists.debian.org Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
CVE Program record CVE.ORG www.cve.org canonical
NVD vulnerability detail NVD nvd.nist.gov canonical, analysis

Vendor Comments And Credit

Discovery Credit

CNA: ISC would like to thank Shoham Danino from Reichman University, Anat Bremler-Barr from Tel-Aviv University, Yehuda Afek from Tel-Aviv University, and Yuval Shavitt from Tel-Aviv University for bringing this vulnerability to our attention. (en)

Additional Advisory Data

Solutions

CNA: Upgrade to the patched release most closely related to your current version of BIND 9: 9.16.42, 9.18.16, 9.19.14, 9.16.42-S1, or 9.18.16-S1.

Workarounds

CNA: No workarounds known.

Exploits

CNA: We are not aware of any active exploits.

Legacy QID Mappings

  • 15144 ISC BIND Denial of Service (DoS) Vulnerability
  • 160787 Oracle Enterprise Linux Security Update for bind (ELSA-2023-4099)
  • 160793 Oracle Enterprise Linux Security Update for bind9.16 (ELSA-2023-4100)
  • 160801 Oracle Enterprise Linux Security Update for bind (ELSA-2023-4102)
  • 160802 Oracle Enterprise Linux Security Update for bind (ELSA-2023-4152)
  • 199435 Ubuntu Security Notification for Bind Vulnerabilities (USN-6183-1)
  • 199537 Ubuntu Security Notification for Bind Vulnerability (USN-6183-2)
  • 241780 Red Hat Update for bind (RHSA-2023:4005)
  • 241789 Red Hat Update for bind9.16 (RHSA-2023:4037)
  • 241814 Red Hat Update for bind9.16 (RHSA-2023:4100)
  • 241815 Red Hat Update for bind (RHSA-2023:4102)
  • 241817 Red Hat Update for bind (RHSA-2023:4101)
  • 241818 Red Hat Update for bind (RHSA-2023:4099)
  • 241819 Red Hat Update for bind (RHSA-2023:4153)
  • 241827 Red Hat Update for bind (RHSA-2023:4154)
  • 241834 Red Hat Update for bind (RHSA-2023:4152)
  • 241868 Red Hat Update for bind (RHSA-2023:4332)
  • 257247 CentOS Security Update for bind (CESA-2023:4152)
  • 284044 Fedora Security Update for bind (FEDORA-2023-8e1ddb1fa2)
  • 284045 Fedora Security Update for bind (FEDORA-2023-c0ff5a2f68)
  • 284113 Fedora Security Update for bind (FEDORA-2023-1d526d551c)
  • 330148 IBM AIX Denial of Service (DoS) ISC BIND Vulnerability (bind_advisory24)
  • 355584 Amazon Linux Security Advisory for bind : ALAS2-2023-2112
  • 355628 Amazon Linux Security Advisory for bind : ALAS2023-2023-240
  • 355679 Amazon Linux Security Advisory for bind : ALAS-2023-1789
  • 378748 Alibaba Cloud Linux Security Update for bind (ALINUX3-SA-2023:0083)
  • 6000038 Debian Security Update for bind9 (DLA 3498-1)
  • 6000172 Debian Security Update for bind9 (DSA 5439-1)
  • 673275 EulerOS Security Update for bind (EulerOS-SA-2023-2602)
  • 673278 EulerOS Security Update for bind (EulerOS-SA-2023-2572)
  • 673415 EulerOS Security Update for bind (EulerOS-SA-2023-3113)
  • 673477 EulerOS Security Update for bind (EulerOS-SA-2023-2778)
  • 673576 EulerOS Security Update for dhcp (EulerOS-SA-2023-3204)
  • 673690 EulerOS Security Update for bind (EulerOS-SA-2023-2802)
  • 673814 EulerOS Security Update for dhcp (EulerOS-SA-2023-3327)
  • 673862 EulerOS Security Update for dhcp (EulerOS-SA-2023-3169)
  • 673912 EulerOS Security Update for bind (EulerOS-SA-2023-2837)
  • 673993 EulerOS Security Update for bind (EulerOS-SA-2023-2854)
  • 674100 EulerOS Security Update for dhcp (EulerOS-SA-2023-3295)
  • 754158 SUSE Enterprise Linux Security Update for bind (SUSE-SU-2023:2794-1)
  • 754159 SUSE Enterprise Linux Security Update for bind (SUSE-SU-2023:2793-1)
  • 755853 SUSE Enterprise Linux Security Update for bind (SUSE-SU-2023:2954-1)
  • 907141 Common Base Linux Mariner (CBL-Mariner) Security Update for bind (27209-1)
  • 907177 Common Base Linux Mariner (CBL-Mariner) Security Update for bind (27238-1)
  • 941182 AlmaLinux Security Update for bind9.16 (ALSA-2023:4100)
  • 941183 AlmaLinux Security Update for bind (ALSA-2023:4102)
  • 941184 AlmaLinux Security Update for bind (ALSA-2023:4099)
  • 960960 Rocky Linux Security Update for bind9.16 (RLSA-2023:4100)
  • 960965 Rocky Linux Security Update for bind (RLSA-2023:4102)
  • 960972 Rocky Linux Security Update for bind (RLSA-2023:4099)

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